Software Category: Digital Rebellion Blog

Critical problems with QuickTime 7.7 and QuickTime 7.6.6 build 1787

Mon, 07 Nov 2011 15:51:07 MST

There are widespread reports of problems with the latest version of QuickTime (QuickTime 7.7 on Leopard and QuickTime 7.6.6 build 1787 on Snow Leopard and Lion). This update is installed as part of Security Update 2011-006 for Snow Leopard and OS X 10.7.2 for Lion.

(The security update is the most likely culprit but it may alternatively have been caused by the iTunes 10.5 update that was released at the same time.)

The problems include:

Unable to play certain movies

Several people have been getting the message "An invalid public movie atom was found in the movie" when playing back in QuickTime Player. Final Cut Pro will either crash or display a white screen.

This seems to especially affect HDV files created by Focus Enhancements storage products. Focus has acknowledged the issue here (PDF).

The recommended solution is to downgrade QuickTime or restore an earlier version of your system from a backup or clone.

Update 2011-11-09:
Matt Geller of Meta Media Creative came up with another way of solving the problem. Replace the following files with the versions from a computer without Security Update 2011-006 installed (or alternatively extract them using Pacifist):

/System/Library/QuickTime/ApplePixletVideo.component
/System/Library/QuickTime/AppleVAH264HW.component
/System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTime3GPP.component
/System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeComponents.component
/System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeFireWireDV.component
/System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeH264.component
/System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeIIDCDigitizer.component
/System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeImporters.component
/System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeMPEG.component
/System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeMPEG4.component
/System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeStreaming.component
/System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeVR.component

Reboot your computer and the problem should be solved. Remember to make a backup of the files you replace, just in case.

QuickTime-based applications crashing at startup

Some people have had problems with Compressor, Cinema Tools, Final Cut Pro and QuickTime Player crashing at startup.

The crash log says:

Dyld Error Message:
Symbol not found: _ValidateAudioChannelLayout
Referenced from: /Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeComponents.component/Contents/MacOS/QuickTimeComponents
Expected in: /System/Library/Frameworks/QuickTime.framework/Versions/A/QuickTime

To fix this, copy /System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeComponents.component to ~/Library/QuickTime, overwriting the existing file in that location. Backup the file before you do this.

If you are using Lion, your user Library directory will be hidden by default. Use System Toolkit to make it visible.

Because of these issues, I would recommend steering clear of the latest security and iTunes updates on your editing machine, especially if you're using Focus Enhancements products. Anyone with this issue should notify Apple so they understand how widespread the problem is.

5 great Lion features for editors

Wed, 20 Jul 2011 07:13:36 MDT

Mac OS X 10.7 Lion was released earlier today. I've heard a couple of people say they're not enthusiastic about it and, with features like Autosave and Launchpad, it's mainly geared at consumers. I completely disagree and here's my list of five features that are great for editors and video professionals (in no particular order).

AirDrop

Even in the 21st century, many people I know still use good old Sneakernet to distribute files between computers. People still use such a low-tech method of transferring files because the machines don't need to be networked to each other, there's no setup process and you're not opening yourself up to potential security issues (assuming the files and the drive are virus-free, of course).

AirDrop allows you to send files to people physically located nearby who are not necessarily on the same Wi-Fi network. When you want to send a file to someone, both of you click the AirDrop icon in the Finder sidebar and you then drag the file onto the person's name. If they accept the file, it is encrypted and sent directly to their Downloads folder.

You only appear to other users on the network if you have the AirDrop folder open. This provides greater privacy and security than having regular file sharing running constantly.

Lion Server and Xsan

Every Mac now has the potential to be a server for just $50, giving you a great deal of control over your system and the users that access it.

Lion now includes Xsan, a network file system popular with video editors. This used to cost $999 so it's a huge saving for large installations.

AV Foundation

Love it or loathe it, you can't deny that Final Cut Pro X is built on a great technical foundation. AV Foundation ships with Lion and allows developers to utilize the same technology in their applications. It's something we plan to explore to improve future versions of Pro Media Tools.

It's also worth noting that the QuickTime 7 API is still there so existing QuickTime applications will continue to work. Final Cut Pro 7 runs just fine in Lion.

Merging folders

This feature has been part of Windows for decades and I'm surprised it's taken this long to make it to the Mac. If you drag a folder onto another folder with the same name, it now gives you the option to merge the two together. This is a huge timesaver.

Versions

We're big fans of incremental backups, which is why we created FCP Versioner. It's great to see something similar included in the OS for applications that support it.

Other nice features include the ability to encrypt an entire drive without a perceptible performance drop (according to Apple's marketing), OpenGL 3.2, Resume and Time Machine local snapshots, for recovering files when you're on the road without your Time Capsule or backup drive.

Lion seems faster too - I've seen noticeable performance improvements in all of our applications when run under Lion.

Of course, there are downsides too. Firstly, it's only available from the Mac App Store. If you are running OS X 10.5 Leopard, you will need to first upgrade to 10.6 Snow Leopard in order to access the store and download Lion. Apple will be selling Lion USB keys for $69 in August for users on Leopard or without broadband internet access.

Secondly, Rosetta is dead. This means that applications built for PowerPC computers will not work on Lion, including the Final Cut Studio 2 installer.

Thirdly, for some reason Apple decided to invert scrolling in Lion, meaning that dragging two fingers down scrolls up and vice versa. This would work well on a touchscreen but feels unnatural with a scroll mouse or trackpad. Fortunately it can be disabled in System Preferences but I don't know why Apple decided to make this the default.

Fourthly, features that some professionals have been demanding for a while, such as OpenGL 4.1, 10-bit monitor support and Blu-ray playback via third party drives still haven't materialized.

Overall, I think Lion is a step forward for professionals that provides much-needed additions to OS X. Driver and application support will likely take a while to catch up, despite the beta period, so as a rule I wouldn't recommend using it for professional use until the .3 or .4 update ships, even though I've actually found it to be quite stable in my testing.

iMovie DV files contain no audio when imported into FCPX

Sat, 25 Jun 2011 14:07:06 MDT

A common problem on the Apple forums from Final Cut Pro X users has been the inability to hear audio from DV files imported from iMovie.

iMovie creates raw DV files (.dv) which contain video and audio data but no metadata or other information. It's essentially a DV QuickTime without the surrounding QuickTime structure.

This means that Final Cut Pro X can't find the audio because it's mixed in with the video data and there's no index or track structure to point it in the right direction.

To get around this, you must convert .dv files to QuickTime movies. Here's how to do it:

1. Open up the .dv file in QuickTime Player 7, which should be in your Applications/Utilities folder. If you don't have it on your system, you will need to install it from the Snow Leopard DVD.

2. Go to File > Save As and make sure the option to make a self-contained movie is checked.

3. Click Save. It shouldn't take very long because it is restructuring the data rather than recompressing it.

NVIDIA Quadro 4000 machines won't boot up after 10.6.7

Wed, 23 Mar 2011 10:58:47 MDT

NVIDIA is reporting that Mac OS X 10.6.7, released a few days ago, removes drivers for high-end NVIDIA Quadro 4000 cards, so machines with these cards will refuse to boot up after installing OS X 10.6.7.

There is an updated driver for OS X 10.6.7 here. The support post is a little vague and doesn't state if the new driver can be installed before updating to 10.6.7 to prevent the issue from occurring, or if it must be installed afterward. If the latter, the article states that you should install a different graphics card in order to boot up to install the new driver, but I'd only advise that if Safe Mode and Target Disk Mode fail.

Update: TUAW is reporting that the NVIDIA support article is inaccurate and that Quadro 4000 machines will boot up just fine but without 3D acceleration and other features. Just install the new driver and these features will be restored.

Restoring the default Compressor settings

Wed, 26 Jan 2011 14:01:31 MST

Does your Compressor settings window have missing items or is completely blank? Here's how to restore the default Apple-supplied settings.

1. Close Compressor if it is open.
2. Navigate to your Applications folder.
3. Ctrl-click on the Compressor application and select Show Package Contents.
4. Navigate to Contents/Resources/English.lproj (or whatever your language is).
5. Cmd-click the following folders to select them: Apple Devices, DVD, Formats, Other Workflows.
6. With all of them selected, ctrl-click on one of them and select Make Alias. Four aliases will be created with filenames like "Apple Devices alias" and "DVD alias".
7. Move the four aliases to ~/Library/Application Support/Compressor.
8. Launch Compressor.

Bootcamp volumes can cause Final Cut Pro hangs

Wed, 26 Jan 2011 01:59:35 MST

You can add one more item to the ever-expanding list of things that break Final Cut Studio: Bootcamp. Yes, if you have a Bootcamp partition, Final Cut Pro can in some instances hang at startup and refuse to launch.

Luckily the fix is very simple. It seems to be caused by Spotlight indexing and users have confirmed that adding their Bootcamp volume to Spotlight's Privacy list in System Preferences solves the issue for them. Apparently you need several restarts to get the setting to stick but once it does, Final Cut Pro should be able to launch again.

If you did experience this issue, please let Apple know.

Mac OS X 10.6.6 breaking Final Cut Studio

Sun, 16 Jan 2011 12:03:45 MST

Last month I reported that ProKit 6.0.1 was breaking Final Cut Studio (primarily DVD Studio Pro) for some users. Well, it would appear that OS X 10.6.6 automatically installs ProKit 6.0.2* which is causing the issues all over again.

Here are some forum threads on the topic:
LAFCPUG: WARNING: Mac OS 10.6.6 UPDATE (ProKit 6.0.2)
LAFCPUG: I think I installed ProKit 601 by mistake - crashing
Apple Discussions: Prokit 5 v 6 Cant use DVDSP and iLife at the same time

Not everyone will suffer problems with ProKit 6.x but if you're one of the unlucky few, follow these steps to downgrade to ProKit 5.1. Note that this will probably break iLife '11.

It is clear that Apple's engineering team is having difficulty working out what the problem is, so if you are experiencing this issue you should file a bug report (requires free developer registration) and give them as much information as possible.

* For some reason I still have ProKit 5.1 after installing OS X 10.6.6. I don't know why this is but I'm not complaining.

QuickTime 7 and X Frequently Asked Questions

Sun, 31 Oct 2010 10:06:43 MDT

I've seen a lot of confusion lately about QuickTime X in Snow Leopard and whether or not the older QuickTime Player 7 is still needed.

Here are my answers to the common questions I've seen.

Q: What is QuickTime X?

A: QuickTime X is a stripped-down version of QuickTime that provides highly-optimized hardware-accelerated playback of supported video formats. This optimization comes at the expense of features, as the QuickTime X technologies are primarily designed for playback-only. QuickTime Player X is the default stripped-down media player on Snow Leopard.

Q: What is QuickTime 7?

A: QuickTime 7 is an older but more fully-featured technology designed for playback, editing and capturing. The QuickTime 7 technologies ship with OS X. QuickTime Player 7 is an optional install from the Snow Leopard DVD but is identical to the default QuickTime Player in OS X 10.5 Leopard.

Q: Do I need to install QuickTime Player 7?

A: It's up to you. I would recommend it because QuickTime Player 7 has a lot of features that are very useful to video professionals. But it's important to remember that it's only a player and even if you don't install it, applications can continue to use QuickTime 7 technologies.

Q: Once I have installed QuickTime Player 7, where is it located?

A: It is installed to the Utilities folder inside Applications.

Q: How do I get all of my media files to open with QuickTime Player 7 instead of X?

A: Ctrl-click on a movie file in the Finder, then select Get Info. Under the Open With section, select QuickTime Player 7 and click Change All.

Q: I have a problem with Final Cut Pro. Is it because I haven't installed QuickTime Player 7?

A: No. The QuickTime 7 technologies ship with OS X by default, so installing QuickTime Player 7 makes absolutely no difference to this. It's just a player.

Q: Can QuickTime 7 and QuickTime X conflict with one another?

A: No.

Q: Does Final Cut Pro make use of the newer QuickTime X acceleration technologies?

A: Unfortunately not.

Q: Why is there no QuickTime X Pro?

A: The QuickTime X technologies are aimed at playing back media, not exporting or editing it, so there is no QuickTime X Pro because of technical limitations.

Q: Do I need to purchase QuickTime 7 Pro if I have Final Cut Pro?

A: No, Final Cut Pro unlocks Pro functionality within QuickTime for free.

Q: Why are the dimensions of my video different in QuickTime Player X vs QuickTime Player 7?

A: QuickTime Player X displays all video with a Clean aperture setting, regardless of the video's original aperture.

Restoring an older version of ProKit

Tue, 26 Oct 2010 15:15:57 MDT

ProKit 6.0.1 has been breaking Final Cut Studio for some people and so far there has been no fix from Apple.

Here is how to restore an older version:

1. You will need to obtain a copy of the old ProKit.framework file either from a friend, another computer on the network or a Time Machine backup.

Update: I have discovered that the version of ProKit 5.1 on Apple's site that is supposedly Leopard-only is also Snow Leopard-compatible. You may need to install ProKit 5.0 first. Before installing, open up the Terminal in /Applications/Utilities and type sudo pkgutil --forget com.apple.pkg.ProAppRuntime, then enter your admin password.

2. In the Finder, navigate to /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks and copy the ProKit.framework file to your desktop.

3. Ctrl-click on the file on the desktop and select Compress "ProKit.Framework".

4. Delete the original file from your desktop and empty the trash. Leave the compressed file there for now.

5. Copy the older ProKit.framework file to /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks, overwriting the newer one. You will most likely need to enter an administrator password to do this.

6. Final Cut Studio applications should now work and it should be safe to delete the compressed file. If they do not, try restarting your computer.

7. If something goes wrong, decompress the compressed file and copy it back to the PrivateFrameworks directory.

(The reason for compressing the file is to ensure that OS X doesn't continue to recognize it as a framework and potentially try to link to it.)

If the installer refuses to install, try using Pacifist to extract the files or try this manual method (be careful).

ProKit 6.0.1 breaking Final Cut Studio

Mon, 25 Oct 2010 19:03:54 MDT

ProKit 6.0.1 came out last week with bug fixes for Logic and Aperture. No Final Cut Studio changes were mentioned, and in fact it would seem that a number of people have experienced problems after updating:

Apple Discussions - Installed Pro Kit 6.0.1... all Pro Apps down!

Apple Discussions - DVD Studio Pro 4.1.2/ProKit Update 6.0.1

LAFCPUG - WARNING - Just did Prokit update

Ken Stone - Last week's Pro Kit update 6.0.1-DVD studio Pro crashing

For the record, I know several people who have installed this update successfully with no problems whatsoever, but as this update doesn't specifically address anything in Final Cut Studio it's better to give it a miss.

Anyone experiencing issues should report the bug to Apple or leave feedback. There isn't a fix for this as of yet but some people have managed to repair it by restoring the old ProKit.framework file from their Time Machine backups or from another machine on their network.

(Note: FCS Remover won't help in this instance because ProKit is now integrated into OS X and FCS Remover never removes files that reside in the System directory for safety reasons.)

Update: Here's how to fix it.

FCP error: Project is unreadable or too new for this version

Mon, 25 Oct 2010 14:15:46 MDT

If you're getting the error message "Project is unreadable or may be too new for this version of Final Cut Pro" when you try to open a particular project, it may be due to one of three reasons:

1. The project was created with a newer version of Final Cut Pro. Make sure you have the latest version, or alternatively ask the person who gave you the project to export an XML file that you can import into an earlier version.

2. The project's metadata may be invalid. Use Project Repair to fix this.

3. The project is corrupt. There is unfortunately no fix for this. You will need to restore the project from a backup or autosave. Our FCP Versioner software automatically backs up your project every time you save it, and Autosave Cleaner can archive autosaves so that they are never automatically deleted by Final Cut Pro.

Removing the codec name from a Compressor destination

Sat, 23 Oct 2010 12:57:15 MDT

Whenever you export a Compressor batch, Compressor normally appends the name of the codec to the file, such as "-DV NTSC" for instance. This isn't always desirable.

Here's how to remove it:

1. Go to the Destinations tab.

2. Click the plus button (+) and select Local.

3. Browse to a location.

Important: Do not browse to the same directory as the source files otherwise the new files will overwrite the source media.

4. Under Output Filename Template, set it to Source Media Name. You can use the drop-down button to select template options.

5. Drag the new destination onto the clips in your batch.

6. If you want to use the new destination by default in all new batches, go to Preferences and set Default Destination to the destination you just created.

Final Cut Pro bug - Long delays with extended markers

Mon, 20 Sep 2010 14:58:31 MDT

There's a bug in Final Cut Pro 7 that causes the application to beachball when you load transitions into the Viewer. This seems to occur if you have long clips with long extended markers in them (i.e. markers with a duration longer than one frame).

Here's how to replicate:
1. Go to the Effects tab and drag a Bars & Tone generator into the Viewer.
2. Change the duration to 30 minutes (00:30:00;00) and bring it into the timeline. Repeat this step to add a second clip next to the first.
4. Select the first clip, press M to add a marker and then press M again to open up the marker settings dialog.
5. Set the marker duration to 15 minutes (00:15:00;00).
5. Add a cross-dissolve transition between the two clips.
6. Double-click the transition to open it in the Viewer. It will take several seconds to open and will probably beachball.

Observations:
* The extended marker does not need to pass through the transition in order for this to occur.
* Shortening the marker to 20 seconds only causes a brief delay.
* The effect still occurs with short master clips but it was lessened and did not beachball on my system.
* The effect is exacerbated if both clips on either side of a transition use long extended markers.
* This only seems to occur when you use the default transition length or values close to it (00:00:08;28 for NTSC). If you lengthen the transition significantly, it loads much faster. I'm not sure why this is - perhaps it was an anomaly on my system.
* The quantity of markers makes a difference. Loading the transition for a clip with ten 30-second markers takes significantly longer than loading one for a clip with just a single 30-second marker.
* The length of the clip on the timeline is irrelevant. It is the length of the master clip that makes the difference. This explains why even relatively short markers can experience this effect, as there may be a large number of them within a single master clip.

Workarounds:
* Give your markers a color that is not used for any other purpose, then go to Edit > Project Properties and hide markers for that particular color. This resolves the issue, and if you need to see them again, just go back to Project Properties and enable them. This is my recommended solution (thanks Nick).
* Use shorter or fewer markers.
* Split up master clips or export your timeline as a reference movie and put the markers on the exported clip. This workaround works better if your project is short.
* If you are using cross dissolves, consider emulating the effect with opacity keyframes instead.
* Instead of using extended markers, use single-frame markers with a color coding scheme - e.g. red for the beginning marker and green for the end marker.

Test Notes:
* I tested this on Final Cut Pro 7.0.2, OS X 10.6.4, QuickTime 7.6.6.
* Thanks to Thomas Berglund for his assistance in helping me replicate this.

Compressor error: "Unable to submit to queue"

Mon, 07 Jun 2010 08:57:14 MDT

If you're getting this error message when trying to submit a batch to Compressor, follow the steps listed here:

Compressor error: "Unable to connect to background process"

Pro Applications Update 2010-01

Thu, 25 Mar 2010 02:15:40 MDT

Apple released the second Pro Apps update for Final Cut Studio 3 yesterday. It includes Final Cut Pro 7.0.2, Motion 4.0.2, Color 1.5.2, Cinema Tools 4.5.1, Compressor 3.5.2 and Qmaster 3.5.2. There are a lot of fixes there, some for critical issues, and also some performance updates too.

Here's the complete list of changes:

Final Cut Pro 7.0.2
* Drag and drop of files from iTunes works as expected with supported file types.
* Fixes the "Preview Unsupported For This Format" message that would occur occasionally with P2 media recorded to a Firestore FS100 recording device from Panasonic cameras.
* Fixes an issue ingesting from P2 cards with spanned clips which contain more than 80 individual elements.
* Fixes a performance issue with transcoding AVCHD to ProRes on Mac systems using the GeForce 9400M graphics card.
* Fixes an issue with some third-party filters that would cause Final Cut Pro to quit unexpectedly on Mac OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard.
* Markers on multi-cam clips are now preserved when edited into a sequence.
* Log and Transfer function is no longer disabled while using the Share function to export media.
* Media Manager will now copy ProRes media created by AJA Ki Pro.
* Multiple fixes to Change Speed functionality including:
* The term "Duration" in the Change Speed interface is replaced with "Smoothness" which describes the function better.
* Speed keyframes no longer snap to other speed key frames. This improves ease of use when dragging to change speed in the timeline.
* Fixes an issue in which removing a reverse speed change with Ripple Sequence enabled would cause a clip to become half its length.

Motion 4.0.2
* Fixes rendering and performance issues that could occur when using Motion projects in a Final Cut Pro timeline.
* Motion is now more stable when operating in low system memory or low graphic card memory situations.
* The default project setting is now set to PAL or NTSC depending on the operating system localization.
* Addresses an issue that impacted the reliability of the Undo command.
* Corrects the rendering of the Checkerboard Generator to the proper orientation when rendering from a 3D camera.
* Fixes an image usability issue that could be encountered on complex projects when rendered in 32-bit float with Motion Blur turned on.
* Exclusively exporting the alpha channel of a Motion project using the Share feature now returns the proper alpha channel.
* An issue with importing files named with dual-byte characters has been addressed.
* An issue with the importing of Japanese language text has been fixed.
* Fixes aspect ratio issues encountered with imported shapes and circle masks.
* A correction to the selection tool now makes it easier to select text.
* Fixes an issue related to the the rendering of soft shadows.
* Addresses issues that could produce significant artifacts when objects would intersect in 3D space in certain ways.
* Addresses issues that could be encountered with images of large resolution.
* A performance related fix was applied to the caustics generator.
* Adjusting paint stroke control points in 3D space is now more responsive.
* Corrects the rendering of anamorphic projects to the digital cinema desktop output.
* Changes were made to certain filters to match the output they produced in Motion 3.
* To address a user interaction issue, the selected animation curve in the keyframe editor now displays on top of other curves.
* Fixes were made that benefit some filters applied to images that are cropped.
* A performance issue with text flattened to a single plane was addressed.
* Fixes an issue that could have affected some third-party FxPlug plug-ins that perform temporal manipulations like retiming.
* Addresses issues which could appear to soften images, or flattened groups of images, of odd-sized resolutions.
* Manipulation issues that could occur with multiple duplicated and cloned objects or groups within a project have been addressed.

Color 1.5.2
* 3D Color Space Scope now allows zooming.
* Resolves an issue in which media would sometimes become disconnected after a save and restart.
* Fixes an issue with CFX nodes not being imported when choosing File > Import > Color Corrections.
* Addresses several issues with the loading and processing of motion trackers.
* Fixes an issue with the green channel on video scopes displaying an incorrect value.
* RED 2K renders from 4K media are no longer softened.

Cinema Tools 4.5.1
* Trying to save a Cinema Tools database to a read-only volume no longer closes the database.

Compressor 3.5.2
* Corrects disk size limitation messages when burning a project to an AVCHD dual-layer disc.
* Fixes issues with long chapter names not appearing correctly in disc templates.
* Fixes issues when inserting a DVD-R or BD-RE disc with data already present.
* Provides warnings before a DVD or Blu-ray Disc is burned when the source will not fit on the media.
* Provides an option to cancel a disc burn when quitting Compressor.
* Fixes issues with burning a DVD using DTS audio.
* Fixes an issue with automatic bit rate so that the appropriate bit rate for a single or dual layer DVD-R is applied.
* Corrects an issue with the encoding of HD video when burning a Blu-ray disc with surround sound.
* Addresses issues with saving and changing audio channels and video using surround sound.
* Corrects a problem that caused Share to not work when switching to another user on the same machine.
* Fixes a MobileMe sharing issue when entering a single character in the "Viewable by Name" field.
* Fixes MobileMe upload for file names that contain the "+", "?", or "%" characters.
* Corrects an issue with uploading an IFF image sequence with an uppercase extension.
* Corrects the default bit rate for the iPod encoding setting from the Share menu.
* Corrects color shift when transcoding image sequences.
* Correct timecode is now displayed in the Preview window when sending a Final Cut Pro sequence to Compressor and applying a timecode generator.
* Job Action "Open Application" now works with multiple targets.
* Fixes an issue with creating a new job with Target Output from an image sequence to a cluster.
* Fixes an issue with source field order for Compressor plugins.
* Fixes a pixel aspect ratio issue with transcoding a duplicated image sequence to a custom TIFF setting.
* Corrects an issue that stopped a WAV file being associated with with an image sequence for output.
* Compressor preferences are now honored when submitting jobs from Final Cut Server.
* Corrects a field order issue with certain sources.
* Fixes an issue with the audio tab becoming inactive when moving between the video and audio tab on MPEG-2 targets.
* Addresses an issue with upload to MobileMe with files containing reserved characters.
* Improves file size estimation for H264 files produced for Blu-ray.
* Corrects an issue when burning a Blu-ray or DVD disc from a Final Cut Pro sequence with 5.1 Surround Sound.
* Fixes an issue with display of password-protected MobileMe movies on iPhone.
* Addresses a pixel aspect ratio compatibility issue.
* Improves stability when processing large batches.

Qmaster 3.5.2
* Fixes a memory leak associated with transcoding to a YouTube destination.
* Fixes unexpected quitting when copying large numbers of image sequences to a destination.
* Corrects issues when copying AVI and reference movie media to a Wide Area Network cluster.
* Corrects an issue with Apple Qmaster command line preferences utility when a user is only logged in remotely.

Be aware, however, that people are already reporting issues with the new update.

Apple also posted the following known issues:
* Final Cut Studio (2009), Final Cut Pro 7.0.1, & 7.0.2 with Mac OS X v10.6: Final Cut may stop responding when capturing DVCPRO HD via FireWire
* Final Cut Studio (2009), Color 1.5: Upgrading a Color 1.0.x project to 1.5.x changes any existing Trackers
* Final Cut Studio (2009), Color 1.5.2: Video Output of REDCODE material clips at 97 IRE
* Final Cut Studio (2009), Color 1.5.2: Unrendered freeze frames in Color displays an unexpected frame

Combining odd and even frames in Shake

Sat, 07 Nov 2009 06:27:57 MST

I've just finished helping a guy with a Shake issue via email and I think the solution would be useful to others. He had a situation where he had one movie clip with all the odd frames from a sequence and another clip with all the even frames, and he wanted to combine them into a single file.

At first glance, it would appear to be as simple as using the Select node to switch between them, however you would miss out half of the frames by doing this. Here's the solution that worked for him:

1. Import the two files into Shake via the FileIn node.

2. Add a TimeX node to the first clip and set it to 0.5*time (this doubles every frame) and do the same for the second clip.

3. Add a Select node and plug the output of the two TimeX nodes into it. So that it's not confusing later on, make sure the output of clip 1 goes to the first input and clip 2 goes to the second.

4. In the Branch parameter of the Select node, set a keyframe at frame 1 with a value of 1 (i.e. the first input), then step to frame 2 and keyframe the value to 2 (the second input).

5. Load the parameter into the Curve Editor by clicking the clock icon next to the Branch field so that a tick icon appears, and then click the Curve Editor tab.

6. In the Curve Editor, change the Cycle parameter to MirrorValue.

7. When you render the FileOut, make sure to double the frame range as the sequence is now twice as long.

Speeding up Compressor

Sat, 17 Oct 2009 03:47:26 MDT

Is Compressor taking too long to encode? Here are some tips to speed it up.

Don't export directly to Compressor from Final Cut Pro

Although sending your timeline directly to Compressor may seem faster because it cuts out the step of exporting as a QuickTime movie, it is much slower overall because Compressor needs to request each frame one-by-one from Final Cut Pro instead of just reading the data out of the movie clip. It gets even slower if you're using Frame Controls or doing multi-pass encoding.

Just go to File > Export > QuickTime Movie (not QuickTime Conversion) and make sure Setting is set to Current Settings and Recompress All Frames is switched off. This ensures that the movie will not be recompressed unnecessarily.

Here's a tip - if most of your timeline is already rendered, deselect Make Movie Self-Contained. This creates a small reference movie that links to the render files on disk instead of writing the data into the file. This will be much quicker to export. If your timeline is not rendered, however, this setting is unlikely to offer any speed advantages over a self-contained movie.

Once the file is exported, drag it into Compressor and set up your batch as normal.

Only use Frame Controls where necessary

Frame Controls allow you to improve the quality of resizing, retiming and deinterlacing operations, however they should only be switched on when you are actually performing one of these operations.

In addition, you should use Better quality instead of Best, as Best is usually reserved for extreme circumstances and in most situations gives you a massive performance hit with no benefit.

Perform heaving-lifting in a separate pass to the encoding

Using Frame Controls with a multi-pass or long-GOP encoder can really slow things down because the Frame Controls processing will need to be reapplied to every frame each time it is read. Even if you're not using Frame Controls, compressing from a processor-intensive codec such as HDV or H.264 can seriously slow things down.

It makes sense, therefore, to perform all these processor-intensive operations on an intermediate movie clip (ProRes would be a suitable codec for this) and then drag in the intermediate clip and encode it to the desired format.

But there is an easier way. Job chaining is a little-used yet very powerful feature of Compressor that allows you to plug the output of one job into the input of another for additional processing.

Here's how to do it:
1. Drag your movie clip into Compressor.
2. Drag either the ProRes 422 for Interlaced Material or ProRes 422 for Progressive Material (depending on your source media) setting onto the job in the batch window.
3. Go to Job > New Job with Target Output. This will add a new job to the batch with a chain symbol to show it is linked to the job above it.
4. Drag your desired output setting onto the chained job and set up the destination as normal.
5. Submit the batch

Use a cluster

A cluster is a group of computers where each machine processes a portion of the movie simultaneously, potentially providing a massive speed boost. This service is provided by Qmaster and can be set up in the Qmaster section of System Preferences or the Apple Qadministrator utility.

You will need Qmaster set up on each computer in the cluster, and all computers should have the required codecs installed and have full access to the source media and cluster storage area.

If you have a multi-core computer, Qmaster can emulate the effects of a cluster by launching multiple copies of Compressor side-by-side to process the movie in a "virtual cluster". This can make a dramatic difference to encoding times. I wrote a tutorial on this a while back.

Conclusion

Compressor is not the fastest encoder in the world but with these tricks you can make it a lot more bearable. One important trend to note is that the simplest method isn't always the fastest - with a little extra setup beforehand you can save a significant amount of time overall.

How to run Final Cut Studio 3 on a MacBook

Wed, 12 Aug 2009 16:30:30 MDT

I've been meaning to post this for a while but haven't had the chance until now. I had to be an early adopter of Final Cut Studio 3 because I develop software that interfaces with it, but I had no desire to edit on a x.0 release so I decided to install it on my MacBook solely for testing.

The only problem is that, unlike FCS 2, the FCS 3 installer refuses to continue because it requires a 128 MB graphics card. Only Motion and Color are heavy on the graphics card, so the other applications in the suite will work just fine on a lesser machine. Luckily the block is easy to work around.

Here's how I got it working on my MacBook:

1. You will need to change one of the files on the DVD. As you cannot write directly to the DVD itself, you will need to create a writable copy of the disc. Put in the Final Cut Studio DVD and open up Disk Utility (located in /Applications/Utilities).

2. Select the disc in the left-hand pane and click New Image in the toolbar.

3. Set Image Format to Read/write and Encryption to None.

4. Type a relevant filename and click Save. It will take several minutes to process.

5. Open up the disk image and ctrl-click on Install Final Cut Studio. Select Show Original.

6. A new window will appear with the FinalCutStudio.mpkg file selected. Ctrl-click on this file and select Show Package Contents.

7. Navigate to Contents/Resources and ctrl-click on the Requirements Checker bundle. Select Show Package Contents.

8. Navigate to Contents/Resources and open up minsys.plist in Property List Editor (if you have the Apple developer tools installed) or TextEdit.

9. Under the heading AELMinimumVRAM change the number from 128 to a number lower than or equal to your current video memory. I changed mine to 32. Alternatively you could change block to warn and the installer will warn you but let you continue installation.

10. Save the file, close all the folders that appeared and double-click Install Final Cut Studio on the disk image. You should now be able to install Final Cut Studio without problems.

Some of the applications in the studio also contain a minsys.plist file that will need to be modified. These applications are Final Cut Pro, Motion, Color, Soundtrack Pro and DVD Studio Pro (even though the latter apparently has no changes from FCS 2).

If you have FCS Maintenance Pack installed, you can do this quickly and easily by checking the Low Minimum Requirements option in System Toolkit. Otherwise follow the steps below.

11. Ctrl-click on the application in question and select Show Package Contents.

12. Navigate to Contents/Resources and open minsys.plist in either Property List Editor (if you have the developer tools installed) or TextEdit.

13. Under the heading AELMinimumVRAM change the number from 128 to a number lower than or equal to your current video memory. I changed mine to 32. Alternatively you could change block to warn.

14. Color will still warn you about your screen resolution - however you can just select Never show again and continue.

That's it! You will need to repeat steps 11-14 whenever you update Final Cut Studio.

Note: Some people have suggested simply removing the Requirements Checker application but I do not advocate deleting files.

Mac OS X 10.5.7 released

Tue, 12 May 2009 16:26:04 MDT

Apple has finally released the much-delayed 10.5.7 update to Leopard. There was much speculation that it was delayed to coincide with the full release of Safari 4 which is currently in beta, however this is clearly not the case as Apple has just released Safari 3.2.3 and an updated beta of Safari 4 (you won't see this in Software Update until you update to 10.5.7 though).

The release notes are quite brief, however it is possible to get a much better overview by looking at World of Apple's seed notes for the 10.5.7 beta. This is not a comprehensive list but gives a good indication of the final changes.

There's some good stuff in there - lots of networking fixes and several changes aimed at improving sleep/wake reliability (I've actually stopped putting my MacBook to sleep because it either wakes up constantly every 10 mins or never wakes up at all). It also contains updated graphics drivers. There's really nothing serious in there so you can update at your leisure. It's very much a polish update.

If you are thinking of updating though, remember the Golden Rules:
1. Never update in the middle of a project
2. Wait a week or two for problems to surface
3. Perform a clone of your system before installing
4. You will experience greater reliability from the larger combo updater

10.5.7 Delta Update (10.5.6 -> 10.5.7)
10.5.7 Combo Update (10.5.x -> 10.5.7)
10.5.7 Server Delta Update (10.5.6 -> 10.5.7)
10.5.7 Server Combo Update (10.5.x -> 10.5.7)

The bundled security update is also available separately for Tiger users as Security Update 2009-02.

Update: Mac Mini users are reporting problems already. It seems like certain DVI displays are not being recognized correctly on Mac Minis.

Best and worst of iPhone 3.0

Wed, 18 Mar 2009 04:34:53 MDT

Apple released details of iPhone OS 3.0 yesterday. It's got all kinds of great features - turn-by-turn GPS, copy and paste, MMS, tethering, to name a few. Here's my take on the best and worst features.

The Best

Stu Maschwitz from ProLost was particularly impressed with the new accessory APIs, which is probably the biggest new feature that no-one is talking about. Do not underestimate the importance of this - it is HUGE. This bridges the gap between software and hardware and takes the phone from a simple smartphone to a full-scale development platform.

No other phone developer is offering this. A lot of them are jumping on the app store bandwagon now but Apple just increased the gap even further. Apple is once again taking advantage of their control over hardware and software - I believe Apple's toughest rival is Google but it would be difficult for Google to replicate this with Android as they do not control the hardware.

Of course, hardware development is more complicated from a business perspective as you'd need to manufacture it, handle billing, arrange shipping and keep inventory (which is always a little risky, particularly in a recession). So this is purely aimed at companies and not bedroom developers. I don't know if Stu will get his wish for an iPhone scope (I hope so) but it will be very interesting to see what developers come up with. There are loads of on-set applications here ranging from remote operation/focus pulling to synchronized iPhone timecode slates to an app for editing camera/lens metadata. I could totally see the RED guys embracing this technology.

The Worst

The most worrying aspect is the new in-app payment system. I can picture only a few scenarios where this would be genuinely useful (such as an e-book reader or GPS app with its own maps) and I can see a lot of developers abusing this. It really will bring out the worst in developers.

The problem with the iPhone development platform is that it's far too easy for developers to charge money. If they were selling software on their own sites they would need to pay for marketing and sort out a system for billing. It's a lot more complicated and there are more up-front costs so they'd need to ensure they were selling something of value.

With the iPhone it is very easy for someone to create a poor application in five minutes and charge for it, and if some poor sucker buys it that's a win for the developer. If no-one buys it, then the developer hasn't lost anything either. It's win-win for them.

There are lots of applications on the app store for $0.99 that are completely valueless (for example the multitude of "flashlight" apps that display a white square on your screen). The devs are charging $0.99 because they can. It's too easy. And Apple's just made it even easier. I see this as a bad thing for the consumer.

Although I am certain this will be abused, I think the benefits of the accessory APIs will far outweight abuse of this feature. If developers need to keep inventory, they will have to ensure they have something worth selling. Sure, not every developer will choose to use in-app purchasing, and I'm sure many will offer excellent value for money. But when the new apps are accepted into the store, it will be important to read the small-print and be aware of exactly what you are getting for your money.

Having said that, I can't wait to see what developers come up with.

Guide to Final Cut Pro Internal Tools

Wed, 11 Mar 2009 16:48:09 MDT

Did you know Final Cut Pro has a hidden menu? Just hold down Cmd + Option + Shift and click the Tools menu. You should now see a new menu item called Internal Tools.

This is a debug menu used by the developers of FCP, but it actually has some uses for us mere mortals as well. It's especially useful for plugin developers and system troubleshooters, but some features benefit all users. Here is a rundown of what's in the menu.

Adjust Windows

When you open the Audio Mixer, Frame Viewer and several other tools in the Tools menu, they open in a tabbed window called the Toolbench. This normally appears on top of the Viewer and is hidden behind it when you select the Viewer again.

The Adjust Windows menu item adjusts the window layout so the Toolbench can fit in without being obscured by other windows. If you don't have the Toolbench open when you click this item, it will leave a gap in your window layout.

Before

After

To restore the default window configuration again, press Ctrl+U.

App / Perf Info

This generates a text file containing just about everything you could ever wish to know about your FCP configuration.

Probably the most useful part is the Project / Sequence Information section. This gives various statistics about your project including the total number of clips placed in your timeline and the proportion of those clips that were unique. It will even tell you how many edits you performed per minute (don't let your boss see this!).

Log OpenGL Profile Costs

This function displays timing information about OpenGL Profiling in the Console. It will do nothing until you start profiling (see the Statistics section below), at which point it tells you how long (in ms) it took your machine to process the given frame sizes and codecs.

One thing I noticed about this is that it takes a fair while for the data to be posted to the Console - around 1-2 minutes.

Log VM Footprint

This outputs the current memory usage to the Console.

Resident refers to data in physical memory, Virtual refers to data on the disk ready to be copied into main memory as required. Note that the system often assigns more virtual memory space than it needs, so not all of that space will actually be used. So if you see a ridiculous number like 4 GB, it is not necessarily a cause for alarm.

Movie Dumpster

This one crashes Final Cut Pro for me, so I wasn't able to ascertain exactly what it does. However, Apple offers a tool called Dumpster on their developer site which gives you a large amount of technical information about a specific movie clip. I would imagine this would be similar if it worked.

Playback Meter

This will show you how your media drives are performing, and is probably the most useful tool in the menu.

If you are not using a RAID, only the audio bars will work. Everything is fine while the bar is green, but if it turns yellow or red, this is an indication that your computer cannot keep up.

Screen Size Override

This allows you to fool Final Cut Pro into thinking that you have a different-sized monitor.

Just select the desired resolution from the pull down menus and press Ctrl + U to automatically resize the windows to the new dimensions.

If you mess things up, just restart Final Cut Pro and press Ctrl + U to restore the windows to the correct position for your screen resolution.

Statistics

This displays a lot of technical information about what's going on under the hood of FCP.

For instance, select the Render check box, drag the playhead across the timeline and then click the Average button. This will average the times taken to perform the various function calls required to render the image to the screen. If your system is getting sluggish, you may find it useful to use the Averages function to see which areas are taking a long time to process.

Most of the checkboxes are self-explanatory so I won't elaborate on them here. However, I would advise selecting them one at a time otherwise you'll end up with an overflow of information.

If you want to clear the text box, click Reset. Copy copies the entire data to the clipboard and Copy Avg copies only the averages. Unset All deselects all of the checkboxes.

Both Auto Profile and RT Verify go through each item in the Browser (video clips, sequences, images, etc), playing each one four times and averaging the data. Sequences take longer because the profiler initially tests with only the V1 track enabled, and then gradually enables V2 and V3 to perform compositing tests (if such tracks exist of course).

It's worth mentioning that since it goes through everything four times, it will take a while to finish processing, depending on the size of the project. You cannot switch to another application either or the profiling will fail. I would advise creating a brand new project with short media clips and sequences. If you truly have serious bottlenecking, this will still be apparent in the shorter sequence.

All the timing information is stored inside the Profile.csv log. Although you can view this in TextEdit, it will be difficult to read because it will not be formatted correctly. A spreadsheet application, such as MS Excel or the free NeoOffice or OpenOffice packages, is recommended.

If you are experiencing poor performance, look at the timings in this file to see where the major bottlenecks are. For instance, a slow FXScript filter could be indicative of a CPU bottleneck or an inefficient script. A slow Flop operation could be indicative of a GPU bottleneck.

Auto Profile and RT Verify appear, on the surface, to perform exactly the same task. However, it is likely that Auto Profiling actually updates your RT information whereas RT Verify merely performs the test without changing anything. This is difficult to verify without official documentation though.

Most of the functions in the Internal Tools menu will be too technical for a lot of users, and so the menu will likely remain something of a novelty. But if you are troubleshooting performance issues or developing applications and plugins for FCP, it is an invaluable source of information on the inner workings of Final Cut Pro.

The only downside is that the menu must be reactivated every time you start Final Cut Pro. If anyone knows of a way to enable it permanently through a preference file, I'd love to hear about it.

Compressor error: "Unable to connect to background process"

Sat, 14 Feb 2009 12:03:41 MST

The "Unable to connect to background process" and "Unable to submit to queue" messages are common errors that unfortunately have many causes.

Before you do anything else, check that your version of Compressor is compatible with your operating system. Only the versions included with FCP 5.1.x and 6.0.x are compatible with OS X 10.5. If you have an incompatible earlier version, you will need to either upgrade Final Cut Studio or downgrade your operating system.

Try the following steps:

1. In Compressor, go to Compressor > Reset Background Processing.

2. Run Compressor Repair.

3. Trash Compressor preferences (can also be done in Compressor Repair).

4. Try these steps (use at your own risk).

Do the following if nothing else works:

5. Disable your internet / network connections.

6. Reinstall Compressor and Qmaster.

7. Perform a full erase and install of the operating system and reinstall from scratch.

Getting to Know the Terminal Part 2: More File Operations

Mon, 19 Jan 2009 10:26:29 MST

In the previous article, I showed you how to launch the Terminal and perform basic tasks like navigating through folders and dealing with files. Today I will build on this with more advanced file operations, working with directories, and wildcards.

Working with Directories

To create a new directory, navigate to the relevant parent directory using the cd command and type the following:

mkdir MyNewFolder

Remember: as discussed last time, if you want a file name with spaces, you must do either of the following:

mkdir "My New Folder"

or:

mkdir My\ New\ Folder

What if you need to create several new directories? Simple:

mkdir Dir1 Dir2 Dir3

A little-known feature of the mkdir command is that you can create multiple directories with just one command. Just separate them with spaces.

If you want to create a long chain of directories (e.g. Renders/Video/TIFF) you can use the -p parameter like so:

mkdir -p Renders/Video/TIFF

Press Enter and it's all done, instantly. Imagine how long it would have taken to do that within the Finder GUI! This is why the command-line is still used in the 21st Century even though we have pretty GUIs to look at.

To remove a directory, use the rmdir command:

rmdir Renders/Video/TIFF

The above command assumes that all directories are empty. If they are not, an error will be returned. To remove a directory and all its subfiles and folders, use the following command:

rm -dR Renders

(the d parameter tells it to include directories, R tells it to be recursive)

Wildcards

Last time I mentioned file operations such as cp for copying and mv for moving files. But what if you need to perform an operation on a large number of files at once?

Wildcards can be used to substitute characters. So if you want to copy, say, 100 files that are named Image.001.jpg to Image.100.jpg, you would use wildcards to substitute for the numbers. This will allow you to copy all of the files with one command instead of a hundred like so:

cp Image.*.jpg Renders

Question mark (?) substitutes a single character. So for instance, if you had files called render_v1.iff, render_v2.iff and render_v10.iff and you typed ls render_v?.iff, it would return only renders 1 and 2 because they are a single digit whereas render 10 is two digits.

Asterisk (*) substitutes a potentially infinite length of characters (including no characters at all). Use this if you don't know the precise length of the substitution. In the example above, if you type ls render_v*.iff, it will return all three files because it matches both the 1- and 2-digit numbers. You can also type, for example, *. jpg to return all JPEG images or *.* to return all files in the directory.

So, going back to the 100-frame image sequence previously mentioned, you would type ls Image.*.jpg to return a list of all of the images. That's all well and good, but what if you don't want to return all of the images - what if you only want a specific range?

Braces ([ ]) can be used to be more specific. In the above example, type ls Image.[20-30].jpg to restrict the results to frames 20-30. You can also restrict characters in the same way, such as [b-f] (remember that everything is case-sensitive).

If your numbers or letters don't fall into a sequential range, you can pick a set of non-sequential numbers or letters such as [brz] or [179] to match any of these characters. You can also combine them with ranges like so: ls Image.[1-10,12,14,20-40].jpg. This will return frames 1-10, skip frame 11, return 12, skip 13, return 14 and display frames 20-40.

And if you don't want specific characters to be returned, use the following syntax: [^bgv].

Combining the examples above: if you want to match a file starting with the letters a-c or x-z, with three miscellaneous characters in the middle, ending with a three-digit number at the end, you would type ls [a-cx-z]???[0-9][0-9][0-9].*. As you can see, it gets complicated pretty quickly.

But imagine if you had to search through and move or copy those files manually. It would be time-consuming, tedious and prone to human error. The command line comes into its own when you want to perform operations on a large number of files at once.

Editors can get away with not knowing this (although it can be very useful for them to know) but it is required knowledge for anyone who wants to get into visual effects.

I had originally planned to cover permissions here but I'm going to move it to the next article because I went into a lot of detail and it's too large to add on the end of this one. I'd much rather delay it than miss out information.

So next time I will be covering file permissions, symbolic links and opening, viewing and saving text files.

Getting to know the Terminal Part 1: Basic File Operations

Mon, 05 Jan 2009 16:28:06 MST

The Terminal is an application that drives fear into the heart of a lot of Mac users - an application they only dream of using in their worst possible nightmares.

It's really not that scary - in fact, it can actually be a very useful timesaving device. You can perform operations on a large number of files at once in a fraction of a second, saving a lot of time.

Although the GUI is prettier and more intuitive, constantly moving, clicking and dragging the mouse around the screen wastes time - not to mention that rendering the GUI takes away precious processing cycles from the operation you are trying to perform. And you don't even need to constantly type things either - you can write a shell script to perform a task and set it to run automatically.

If you are thinking of entering the visual effects industry, most employers will expect basic command-line knowledge and shell scripting abilities. While most VFX houses use some form of Linux, Mac OS X's Terminal is almost identical with the exception of a small number of proprietary commands.

So let's get started.

Setting up

First of all, open up the Terminal by navigating to /Applications/Utilities and double-clicking the Terminal application. I find it useful to ctrl-click the dock icon and select Keep in Dock so it is always there for convenience, but this is up to you.

A window like this will appear:

The title bar of my window says "Terminal - bash - 80x24".

bash refers to the shell I am using. There are various different shells available, each with minor differences. We will just concentrate on bash. Incidentally, if your title bar doesn't say "bash", type bash and press enter.

80x24 refers to the number of characters that can be displayed on screen at once - 80 horizontally and 24 vertically. If you resize the window these numbers will change. It doesn't matter if yours has a different value to mine.

Directory navigation

You will see something like this on screen:

Last login: Mon Jan  5 15:27:17 on ttys000
MacBook:~ Jon$

MacBook is the name of my machine, Jon is my username. The ~ indicates that the current directory is my user directory. To view the full path of the current directory, type:

pwd

This stands for Print Working Directory and on my machine outputs the path /Users/Jon. The working directory is the directory the shell will perform all commands in unless specifically told otherwise.

To change to a different working directory use the cd command like so:
cd Documents

The prompt changes to MacBook:Documents Jon$.

It's worth noting at this point that all commands are case-sensitive, so cd Documents is not the same as cd documents, and cd is not the same as CD.

There are some specific shortcuts you can use with the cd command that are summarized below.

cd .. (that's cd followed by two dots)
Moves up one directory. If the working directory was /Users/MyName/Documents, it would change to /Users/MyName.

cd - (that's cd followed by a dash)
Goes back to the previous directory you were in. So if you were in /usr/bin and you changed to /Library, this command will refer you back to /usr/bin again.

cd /
Changes to the root directory

It's worth mentioning here that shell commands are easily confused by spaces in a file path. If you must type a path with spaces, you must either:

a) Surround it in quotes
cd "~/Desktop/My Spaced Filename.doc"

or b) Use escape characters
Escape characters are characters placed before a potentially conflicting character (a space in this case) so that the shell knows to treat it as text and not as a command. The escape character for the Unix shell is \ (backslash).

cd ~/Desktop/My\ Spaced\ Filename.doc

Viewing directory contents

If you want to view the contents of a directory inside the Terminal window, use the ls command. ls is short for "list" (you'll notice that shell commands are generally quite short as they need to be typed often).

cd / ls

Returns:

Notice that ls returns system files and folders that would normally be hidden by OS X, except for files and folders that have a dot at the front of their name such as .DS_Store. You can show these by typing ls -a (short for "all").

You can also specify a directory as a parameter such as ls /usr/bin and it will list the contents of this directory instead of the current one.

You can set several options when you call ls such as:

ls -l (that's lower-case L)
Returns more detailed results including file sizes, permissions and modification dates.

ls -1
Forces one entry per line.

ls -h
"Human-readable" mode displays file sizes in kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes instead of bytes.

ls -R
Recursively lists subdirectories (be careful - this can take a while).

You can combine as many of these parameters as you like such as:
ls -l -R

Or more simply:
ls -lR

(note: some parameters automatically override others)

These are just a few parameters of many. For exhaustive details of the parameters available, type:

man ls

This is an important Unix concept that also translates to OS X. Man (manual) pages are documentation files easily accessible from the shell using the man command. They will tell you everything you could possibly want to know about the command such as its syntax, parameters, compatibility and return values (more on that in the upcoming scripting tutorial).

You can use man with any command such as man cd, man ls, man echo. With the man page open, press Space to go to the next page and press q to quit and return to the shell.

This gives you documentation instantly at your fingertips, even if the machine you are using doesn't have an internet connection.

Basic File Operations

Use the cp command to copy files like so:

cp [source file] [destination path]

Here's an example on my system:
cd ~/Desktop cp UntitledDoc.txt ../Documents

This will set the working directory to my desktop. It will then copy UntitledDoc.txt to my Documents folder (remember that .. refers to the parent directory).

You can also create a duplicate of a file within a directory by changing the destination filename:
cp UntitledDoc.txt UntitledDocDupe.bak

To copy a folder and all its subfiles and subfolders, use cp -R. Type man cp to learn about the other parameters.

To move a file, use the mv command with the exact same syntax as the cp command.

To rename a file, you can either use the rename command (same basic syntax as cp) or use mv like so:
mv myfile.txt mynewfile.txt

To delete a file, use rm:
cd ~/Desktop rm myfile.txt

Some useful rm parameters are listed below:

-d
Delete directories as well.

-f
Force delete files, even if they are write protected.

-P
Overwrite files before deleting them. This is similar to the Secure Empty Trash option in Mac OS X.

-R
Recursively delete files inside subfolders. Use with the -d command to delete a folder and all of its subfiles and subfolders.

That's it for the first tutorial. In Part 2 I will be covering more file operations, working with directories, wildcards and permissions.

Pro Applications Update 2008-05 is out

Wed, 17 Dec 2008 11:44:35 MST

Apple just released Pro Applications Update 2008-05. This is identical to Pro Applications Update 2008-04 except it now comes with Color 1.0.4.

The news is still hot off the press so Apple haven't gotten around to updating their release notes at this point in time, however, given the timing and the fact that only one application was modified, it is safe to say that this patch was released solely to fix the dreaded XDCAM bugs in Color 1.0.3.

If you are currently running 1.0.3 and suffering from the XDCAM bug I would advise updating to this version. If not, the Golden Rules (TM) apply as usual:
* Never update in the middle of a project.
* Don't update if you don't actually need any of the features included in the update.
* Always clone or backup your system beforehand.
* Wait for at least a week to see if there are any reported problems with the patch.
* Wait even longer if you're using third party hardware or plugins e.g. the AJA Kona card or FXFactory plugins.

Update: Changelog is now up:

XDCAM Clip Relinking Is Fixed
XDCAM EX, HD, and 422 clips now relink properly.

ISO Changes in the RED Tab Appear Correctly
Instances where the Color UI did not accurately reflect changes made to the ISO parameter in the RED tab of the Primary In room have been fixed.

Improvements to the Blur Node in the Color FX Room
Adjusting the spread parameter of the Blur node no longer causes the clip to scale up.

Mac OS X 10.5.6 released

Mon, 15 Dec 2008 13:00:16 MST

Apple just released Mac OS X Leopard 10.5.6. Here are the most relevant changes for video professionals (not many as we're frequently overlooked unfortunately):

Graphics

* Includes general improvements to gaming performance (I think they are referring to improved OpenGL performance in general, which affects applications like Motion and hopefully will boost poor GeForce 8800GT performance).
* Includes fixes for possible graphics distortion issues with certain ATI graphics cards.

Networking

* Improves Apple File Service performance, especially when using a home directory hosted on an AFP server. Important: If you are using Mac OS X 10.5.6 (client) to connect to a Mac OS X Server 10.4-based server, it is strongly recommended that you update the server to Mac OS X Server version 10.4.11.
* Improves the performance and reliability of TCP connections.

General

* Includes Mac OS X security improvements (always good).
* Adds a Trackpad System Preference pane for portable Macs.

See the full list here.

The changelog (which I don't have access to but was leaked on the net) for one of the beta versions of this patch listed a fix for various hiding bugs. I know several people have had a problem with Final Cut Pro where they have been unable to show it again after hiding, so it would be interesting to see if this fixes the issue.

Once again, don't install this update until it's been out for at least a week (minimum) and you've checked around internet forums to see if people have experienced any issues. When you do update, always assume the worst WILL happen and clone or backup your hard disk first. Never update in the middle of a project and don't update early if none of the issues fixed affect you.

However, it is good to install security updates as soon as possible (again, wait to see if people report problems, although this is normally rare with security updates). Luckily Apple have included the security content of this update as a separate download for those who don't want to risk upgrading their OS. It is available in Intel and PowerPC versions.

P.S. It's good to know that Apple aren't rushing to patch the XDCAM bug with Color 1.0.3 as, clearly, improving the performance and reliability of Chess is far more important ;)

Update 12/16/08: Lots of people reporting problems with this update.

Solving missing framework errors in Final Cut Studio

Fri, 12 Dec 2008 02:39:37 MST

If one of your Final Cut Studio applications crashes the minute you open it, chances are it's down to missing frameworks. If you click the Report button on the crash dialog, it will tell you the reason. Alternatively you can fire up the Console in /Applications/Utilities to see the message.

You'll probably see a message like this:

Dyld Error Message:
Library not loaded: /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/BrowserKit.framework/Versions/A/BrowserKit
Referenced from: /Applications/Soundtrack Pro.app/Contents/MacOS/Soundtrack Pro
Reason: image not found

Here's how to copy that file back:

1. Firstly, if you have another machine running Final Cut Studio, it's much easier to take the file from that machine (in this case /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/BrowserKit.framework) and copy it to the same location on the current machine.

2. If you don't have that luxury, you will need to extract it from your installation DVD. Put the disc in the drive and open up the Terminal in /Applications/Utilities.

3. If you are using Final Cut Studio 3, type the following:

cd /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks
sudo gunzip -c '/Volumes/Final Cut Studio Install/Installer/Packages/ProRuntime.pkg/Contents/Resources/ProRuntime.pax.gz' | pax -r -s ',./System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/,./,' './System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/BrowserKit.framework'

If you are using Final Cut Studio 2, type the following:

cd /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks
sudo gunzip -c '/Volumes/Final Cut Studio/Installer/Packages/ProAppRuntime.pkg/Contents/Resources/ProAppRuntime.pax.gz' | pax -r -s ',./System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/,./,' './System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/BrowserKit.framework'

Press enter after typing cd /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks, then paste the next part as one whole line. After typing the sudo gunzip... line you may be prompted for your password.

If you are using Logic Studio, substitute Logic Studio for Final Cut Studio. If you are missing a different file, replace BrowserKit.framework with the other file's name (ProKit.framework is another common missing file).

4. If this doesn't work, replace the cd /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks line above with:

cd ~/Desktop

Then copy the same sudo gunzip... command from above. This will copy the file to your desktop. In the Finder, browse to /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks and copy the file from your desktop to that folder. You may be prompted for your password.

5. If problems still persist after copying the file, it is likely that Final Cut Studio is expecting a later version of the framework than the one on the DVD. The only solution in this case is to copy it from a machine running the same version of Final Cut Studio as you, or to uninstall Final Cut Studio and then reinstall it from the DVD and patch it to the latest version.

Pro Applications Update 2008-04

Fri, 21 Nov 2008 03:31:57 MST

Yesterday Apple posted a big ProApp update containing updates for several applications.

Final Cut Pro 6.0.5

Improved High-Precision Rendering
If you render sequences using the high-precision video processing setting, make sure to update to Final Cut Pro 6.0.5 for improved reliability when rendering still images and footage in high-resolution formats.

Extended Metadata Support for the Panasonic AG-HMC150 Camcorder
Final Cut Pro 6.0.5 captures the additional metadata for footage recorded with the Panasonic AG-HMC150 professional AVCHD camcorder.

Improved Support for the Panasonic HDC-SD9 Camcorder
Final Cut Pro 6.0.5 provides enhanced precision and reliability when ingesting files from the Panasonic HDC-SD9 camcorder.

Improved Support for Metadata Imported from P2 Cards
Final Cut Pro 6.0.5 provides support for extended metadata that is captured on P2 cards.

However, one of the biggest features doesn't even come from Apple. RED have posted their Final Cut Studio Installer that adds native .R3D file support to FCP 6.0.5.

Compressor 3.0.5 and Qmaster 3.0.5

Using QuickClusters and Back to My Mac on the Same Computer
The QuickCluster feature of the Apple Qmaster distributed processing system is a simple and automated alternative to creating and configuring clusters manually. In previous versions of Compressor, enabling the Back to My Mac feature in Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard would remove any existing QuickClusters. This issue has been resolved. For more information about QuickClusters, see the Distributed Processing Setup guide.

Color 1.0.3

Improved Format Support

Color 1.0.3 provides support for XDCAM 422 media and for the RED plug-ins for Final Cut Studio.

The RED plug-in and accompanying documentation can be downloaded at http://www.red.com. For workflow suggestions and more information about this format, see HD and Broadcast Formats, available from the Final Cut Pro Help menu.

Improved Application Reliability
Overall application reliability has been improved, including in the following areas:

* Using trackers in the Geometry room
* Using the Reconform command
* Adjusting the Minimum and Maximum nodes in the Color FX room

Improved EDL Handling
Accuracy and reliability during EDL import have been improved.

Application of Display LUT Now Indicated Consistently
Color 1.0.3 consistently indicates when a display LUT has been applied to a project in the Project Settings tab of the Setup room.

Improved Handling of DPX Image Sequences
Color 1.0.3 provides improved reliability when reading and outputting the header information of DPX image sequences, including timecode, frame size, aspect ratio, and transfer code.

The Fix Headers Button Now Works Properly
The Fix Headers button, which appears in the clip bin of the Setup room when you select an image sequence, now correctly alters the header information of DPX image sequences.

Improved Handling of Interlaced Media
Interlaced clips with Pan & Scan adjustments in the Geometry room correctly render the exact range of clip media.

Tangent Control Surface Mappings Are Improved
The HSL qualifier and reset control surface mappings for the Tangent CP100 control surface have been fixed.

Shake 4.1.1

* This update addresses compatibility issues for QuickTime codecs greater than 8 bits.

I don't think anyone expected Shake updates but yes, you read that correctly. Apple later posted a knowledge base article clarifying that the fix was for the QuickTime component only so Shake itself will still display 4.1 as its version number. It's also worth noting that this only applies to people who applied for the Shake 4.1 crossgrade or purchased it after 4.1 came out - 4.0 owners will not be able to upgrade.

Pro Applications Update 2008-04 Release Notes

I know you're probably dying to install these updates but first, make note of the Golden Rules (TM):
* Never update in the middle of a project.
* Don't update if you don't actually need any of the features included in the update.
* Always clone or backup your system beforehand.
* Wait for at least a week to see if there are any reported problems with the patch.
* Wait even longer if you're using third party hardware or plugins e.g. the AJA Kona card or FXFactory plugins.

11-16-08 - New AppleCare articles

Sun, 16 Nov 2008 12:20:56 MST

Apple just posted some new ProApp-related AppleCare articles.

Final Cut Pro / Express

Final Cut Pro: Choosing a Hard Disk - The disk that contains your computer's operating system is called the startup disk or boot disk. In addition to the operating system, the startup disk also stores your applications (such as Final Cut Pro), your application preferences, system settings, and documents. Because the files on the startup disk are your most critical data, maintaining the startup disk is vital. Because digital media (especially high data rate video) makes your disks work harder, you should use dedicated disks for capturing and playing back your digital video and other media files. Consider your media disks as storage units that work long, hard hours, while your startup disk keeps your system properly organized. If a disk is going to malfunction, it's better if your critical data is separate from your replaceable media files. Depending on what kind of computer you are using, you may be able to use internal and external hard disks to store your media files. Each has benefits and drawbacks.

This is a very detailed article with a lot of useful technical information about the required minimum seek times, spindle speeds, etc for Final Cut Pro. Well worth checking out.

Final Cut Express 2: How to Delete the Preference Files - Learn how to resolve issues caused by unusable preference files in Final Cut Express 2.

Final Cut Express HD 3.0: Configuration error when using with iMac G5 (iSight) and Power Mac G5 (Late 2005) - If you open Final Cut Express HD 3.0 on certain computers, you'll get a "Configuration Error" message that indicates that your computer is missing certain hardware or software, or possibly an AGP graphics card.

Final Cut Pro and Final Cut Express: Convert MP3 and AAC audio files for compatibility before importing - This document explains how to import MP3 and AAC-encoded audio files into Final Cut Pro 3, Final Cut Pro 4, and Final Cut Express.

Final Cut Express HD requires a Quartz Extreme AGP graphics card - To use Final Cut Express HD, you need a computer with an AGP graphics card that is capable of handling Quartz Extreme.

Final Cut Server

Final Cut Server: Unable to launch the specified application - In some cases the Final Cut Server client application may not open when you double-click the Final Cut Server.jnlp icon or Final Cut Server.app icon. This may happen after switching user accounts or restarting your computer from a volume other than the one you used to download the Java Web Start Final Cut Server client.

Soundtrack Pro

Soundtrack: How to Configure Digidesign Audio Devices - Learn how to use Digidesign audio devices with Apple's Soundtrack music application.

I guess they're talking about Soundtrack Pro here, not Soundtrack, as the original Soundtrack was discontinued 5 years ago.

Qmaster

Apple Qmaster: Optimizing cluster storage capacity - By default, the Apple Qmaster distributed processing system saves temporary process files in the /var/spool/qmaster directory on the cluster controller's startup disk. Computers in the cluster will access this location as needed. If you are processing large source media files that exceed the available storage space on the startup disk, you may run out of storage space on that disk.

Logic Pro / Express

Logic 8: How overlapping recordings are assigned to take folders - The Takes feature in Logic Pro/Express 8 is a powerful way to organize multiple recordings of a part in your projects. Here are some tips and explanations of what it will do in various situations.

Logic Express 8: Troubleshooting Basics - If Logic Express 8 isn't starting up properly or performing normally, try these basic troubleshooting steps to remedy the situation. Please note that these steps aren't exhaustive, and are not intended to cover any specific issue. They are fundamental, basic steps that are most effective in getting Logic Express 8 into good working order, and are the steps most often suggested by AppleCare Technical Support.

Using Compressor with multiple cores

Fri, 14 Nov 2008 07:04:18 MST

Here's a quick tip that a lot of people still don't know about. So you've just bought that shiny new Mac Pro, you finish your Final Cut Project, export to Compressor and wait.... and wait... and wait. Hang on a second, that brand-new 8-core machine is only utilizing one core!

Welcome to the world of Final Cut Studio, which is completely unaware of multiple cores in your system. Hopefully this will change in future versions but in the meantime, here is a trick to using those cores in Compressor.

1. Go to System Preferences and open the Apple Qmaster section.

2. In the Setup tab, click Stop Sharing if Qmaster is already activated.

2. Select QuickCluster if it is not already selected.

3. Under Services, select the service marked Compressor and select the checkboxes for Share and Managed.

3. Then click Options for Selected Service.

4. Now you need to select the number of instances to use for the cluster. This is the number of copies Qmaster will spawn to compress the job, and is a question that's open to debate.

Apple's official advice is that the number of instances should be half the number of cores. So if you have a quad-core machine, you should select two cores and four if you have an 8-core machine.

However, newer Mac Pros (early 2009 onwards) and MacBook Pros (early 2010 onwards) support a feature called HyperThreading which allows each core to act as two separate "virtual cores", allowing two tasks to run simultaneously on a single core. So for these models you should match the instances to the number of cores - i.e. four instances for a quad-core and eight for an 8-core.

Some people have suggested setting the instances to the total number of cores (or virtual cores on the newer machines) minus one. I find that this depends on the format you are compressing. If you are compressing a "light" format like DV, you could probably get away with it. However, more processor-intensive formats like H.264 will need a lot more headroom. You would also need at least 1 GB of RAM per instance.

Another point to bear in mind is that Compressor needs to stitch the separate pieces of the file together once processing is complete. More instances mean more pieces to assemble, which adds to the time taken. Consequently, the time saved by increasing the number of cores may be offset by the increase in the time taken to assemble the final file. I would therefore recommend sticking with Apple's advice of half the number of cores for early Mac Pros and matching the number of cores for later models.

5. If you are using Shake. Maya or have any other command-line renderer set up with Qmaster, select the Rendering item in the list and click Options for Selected Service.

6. Click the + button and add as many "Local machines" as necessary (see step 4 for details), then click Ok.

7. Under the QuickCluster section, type a name for your new virtual cluster.

7. Click Start Sharing and close System Preferences.

8. In Final Cut Pro, export your sequence as a QuickTime movie. This is important. Do not choose File > Export > Compressor, as this will fail.

9. In Compressor, import the movie, set up your batch and click Submit.

10. Instead of "This machine", select the name of your new cluster in the Cluster list and click Submit. The movie clip will be processed by multiple cores in your machine.

This is called Virtual Clustering, and it is achieved by launching a new version of Compressor for every instance. This is much easier from the perspective of Compressor's programmers but it takes up more memory and is less efficient than if they were to implement true multi-core capabilities into the application.

So be aware that using this method will require considerably more memory than rendering on a single instance. Apple recommends 1 GB RAM per instance but again, this depends on the media you are transcoding to. If you set too many instances and don't have enough memory, your machine would slow down (or worse, crash) thus undoing the whole point of setting up the virtual clusters in the first place. For best results, follow the recommendations in Step 4.

See the article Speeding up Compressor for more tips on improving Compressor performance.

Update 2010-12-06: This forum thread has an interesting comparison between This Computer and a Quick Cluster with various instances. Results vary depending on the chosen codec but the fastest times seem to occur with roughly half the number of instances compared to cores. The data would also suggest that a Quick Cluster is more beneficial on long files than short ones.